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The Islam
From year 711 to 1492, Andalucia, will be an Arab society, with
alternative phases of military and cultural dominion very differentiated.
From the 711 to the 755 a period of inestability was lived in
the region that ended with the arrival of Emir Abd- - to Rahman
I "Emigrado"(756-788). He ordered to construct a tower
watch in the Chanca, on the present port of Almeria, and caught
the support of the Banú Hasán, tribe of Yemenis:
the old visigótic Urci becomes Urs-al Yaman now, "Urci
of the Yemenis", with capital in Pechina, to the north of
Almeria.
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Abderramán
II (822-852) amplió el puerto con la construcción
de una arsenal, y en la llamada "guerra de la Hoja de la Parra",
conflicto nacido en Lorca entre árabes del Norte y Tribus
Yemeníes, desterro a estos últimos que se instalaron
con sus hermanos de Pechina.
Abderramán II (822-852) extended the port with the construction
of an arsenal, and in the so- called "war of the Leaf of the
Parra", a conflict born in Lorca between Arabs of the North
and Yemeni Tribes, exiling these last ones, who settled with his
brothers of Pechina.
Between the years 840 and 861, the constant Normandos attacks animated
Emir Omeya to construct defensive strengths in the coast. The first
and most famous one was located in Qabit Bani Aswad (Cabo de Gata),
probably in the Fabriquilla (850). This ribat (strength of mystical
life and single-breasted uniform jacket), nowadays disappeared,
was the first Islamic communal construction of importance in the
region of Níjar. Next to ribat of the Chanca, it served to
strengthen the blossoming of the province. Its defense trusted to
the family of the Banú Sirach ("the children of the
chair-maker", known later like the Abencerrajes, who shared
with Jews, muladíes (conversos to the Islam) and mozárabes
the control of the valley of Pechina.
At the end of the government of Muhamhad (852-886),takes place the
arrival (884) of "the Sailors" (bahriyyum), mozárabes
and Spanish muladíes that had fled from Cartagena, in the
Cora de Tudmir (Murcia). Once passed the initial conflicts of coexistence,
both groups agreed to the birth of the marine and commercial Republic
of Pechina (891), independent of the Cora de Elvira (Granada) and
hermanada with Tunisia and the Magreb for the control of the Sea
of Alborán. The activity in the anchorage of the Chanca centralized,
dealing itself with slaves, agricultural crafts, products and weaves;
at the flourishing time of the Silk. The Arabs of Elvira attacked
Pechina , requesting protection to Cordova in exchange of vasallaje.
Emir Abd-Alláh (888-912) acceded to incorporate to Pechina
the central government Omeya, being created the Cora (administrative
district) of Bayyana. Marchena was fortified and the Chanca around
Al-Mariyat (translated by like "tower a watch") and by
others like" The one of the mirror sea "and all the zone
from Alhama to Níjar by the coast and to the North to Purchena,
creating a total of twenty seats fortified, issuing here and now
the order of foundation of Níjar on the ruins of a remote
past.
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